Evolutionary Automatic Text Summarization using Cluster Validation Indexes

The main problem for generating an extractive automatic text summary (EATS) is to detect the key themes of a text. For this task, unsupervised approaches cluster the sentences of the original text to find the key sentences that take part in an automatic summary. The quality of an automatic summary is evaluated using similarity metrics with human-made summaries. However, the relationship between the quality of the human-made summaries and the internal quality of the clustering is unclear. First, this paper proposes a comparison of the correlation of the quality of a human-made summary to the internal quality of the clustering validation index for finding the best correlation with a clustering validation index. Second, in this paper, an evolutionary method based on the best above internal clustering validation index for an automatic text summarization task is proposed. Our proposed unsupervised method for EATS has the advantage of not requiring information regarding the specific classes or themes of a text, and is therefore domain- and language-independent. The high results obtained by our method, using the most-competitive standard collection for EATS, prove that our method maintains a high correlation with human-made summaries, meeting the specific features of the groups, for example, compaction, separation, distribution, and density

Extractive Automatic Text Summarization Based on Lexical-Semantic Keywords

The automatic text summarization (ATS) task consists in automatically synthesizing a document to provide a condensed version of it. Creating a summary requires not only selecting the main topics of the sentences but also identifying the key relationships between these topics. Related works rank text units (mainly sentences) to select those that could form the summary. However, the resulting summaries may not include all the topics covered in the source text because important information may have been discarded. In addition, the semantic structure of documents has been barely explored in this field. Thus, this study proposes a new method for the ATS task that takes advantage of semantic information to improve keyword detection. This proposed method increases not only the coverage by clustering the sentences to identify the main topics in the source document but also the precision by detecting the keywords in the clusters. The experimental results of this work indicate that the proposed method outperformed previous methods with a standard collection

The Impact of Key Ideas on Automatic Deception Detection in Text

In recent years, with the rise of the Internet, the automatic deception detection in text is an important task to recognize those of documents that try to make people believe in something false. Current studies in this field assume that the entire document contains cues to identify deception; however, as demonstrated in this work, some irrelevant ideas in text could affect the performance of the classification. Therefore, this research proposes an approach for deception detection in text that identifies, in the first instance, key ideas in a document based on a topic modeling algorithm and a proposed automatic extractive text summarization method, to produce a synthesized document that avoids secondary ideas. The experimental results of this study indicate that the proposed method outperform previous methods with standard collections

Ground Truth Spanish Automatic Extractive Text Summarization Bounds

The textual information has accelerated growth in the most spoken languages by native Internet users, such as Chinese, Spanish, English, Arabic, Hindi, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, among others. It is necessary to innovate the methods of Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) that can extract essential information without reading the entire text. The most competent methods are Extractive ATS (EATS) that extract essential parts of the document (sentences, phrases, or paragraphs) to compose a summary. During the last 60 years of research of EATS, the creation of standard corpus with human-generated summaries and evaluation methods which are highly correlated with human judgments help to increase the number of new state-of-the-art methods. However, these methods are mainly supported for the English language, leaving aside other equally important languages such as Spanish, which is the second most spoken language by natives and the third most used on the Internet. A standard corpus for Spanish EATS (SAETS) is created to evaluate the state-of-the-art methods and systems for the Spanish language. The main contribution consists of a proposal for configuration and evaluation of 5 state-ofthe-art methods, five systems and four heuristics using three evaluation methods (ROUGE, ROUGE-C, and Jensen-Shannon divergence). It is the first time that Jensen-Shannon divergence is used to evaluate AETS. In this paper the ground truth bounds for the Spanish language are presented, which are the heuristics baseline:first, baseline:random, topline and concordance. In addition, the ranking of 30 evaluation tests of the state-of-the-art methods and systems is calculated that forms a benchmark for SAETS

Análisis del proceso de confección "cuello camisero", a través del software de simulación para eventos discretos promodel

Este articulo describe la experiencia realizada por aprendices del programa de tecnologia en confeccion del centro de manufactura en textil y cuero de la regional distrito capital, en relacion con un ejercicio de simulacion del proceso de confeccion “cuello camisero”, a traves del software para eventos discretos promodelr. el trabajo se desarrolla en la empresa denominada “confecciones de la montana” y busca analizar el comportamiento de los tiempos recolectados para cada operacion del armado del cuello, para su posterior analisis de distribucion estadistica con la herramienta stat::fit promodelr. como resultados se obtiene el algoritmo de simulacion de cada tiempo para el ingreso en el sistema y ser simulado analizar los datos de salida. AbstractThis research describes the experience made by apprentices of the technology industrial clothing in the program of the Textile and Leather Manufacturing Center (TLMC) Regional Capital district, in relation to a simulation exercise of the manufacturing process “shirt collar”, Through the simulation software for discrete Events Promodel ®, in the Company “Confecciones de la Montaña” looking to analyze the behavior of the times collected for each operation of the assembly of the neck, for further analysis in statistics distribution with the tool STAT: FIT Promodel ®, As results, the simulation algorithm of each time to enter the system and to be simulated to analyze the output data. Forma de citar el artículoPardo, M, Bocachica, A, Hernández, K. (2018). Análisis del proceso de confección “cuello camisero”, a través del software de simulación para eventos discretos promodel®. Revista del Centro de Manufactura en Textil y Cuero - INNMODALAB (3) 55-6

Análisis del proceso de confección "cuello camisero", a través del software de simulación para eventos discretos promodel

Este articulo describe la experiencia realizada por aprendices del programa de tecnologia en confeccion del centro de manufactura en textil y cuero de la regional distrito capital, en relacion con un ejercicio de simulacion del proceso de confeccion “cuello camisero”, a traves del software para eventos discretos promodelr. el trabajo se desarrolla en la empresa denominada “confecciones de la montana” y busca analizar el comportamiento de los tiempos recolectados para cada operacion del armado del cuello, para su posterior analisis de distribucion estadistica con la herramienta stat::fit promodelr. como resultados se obtiene el algoritmo de simulacion de cada tiempo para el ingreso en el sistema y ser simulado analizar los datos de salida. AbstractThis research describes the experience made by apprentices of the technology industrial clothing in the program of the Textile and Leather Manufacturing Center (TLMC) Regional Capital district, in relation to a simulation exercise of the manufacturing process “shirt collar”, Through the simulation software for discrete Events Promodel ®, in the Company “Confecciones de la Montaña” looking to analyze the behavior of the times collected for each operation of the assembly of the neck, for further analysis in statistics distribution with the tool STAT: FIT Promodel ®, As results, the simulation algorithm of each time to enter the system and to be simulated to analyze the output data. Forma de citar el artículoPardo, M, Bocachica, A, Hernández, K. (2018). Análisis del proceso de confección “cuello camisero”, a través del software de simulación para eventos discretos promodel®. Revista del Centro de Manufactura en Textil y Cuero - INNMODALAB (3) 55-6

Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía

Este volumen I contiene 17 capítulos arbitrados que se ocupan de estos asuntos en Tópicos Selectos de Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía, elegidos de entre las contribuciones, reunimos algunos investigadores y estudiantes. Se presenta un Estudio Comparativo de los Recursos Hidrológico-Forestales de la Microcuenca de la Laguna de Epatlan, Pue. (1993 a 2014); la Situación Actual de la Mancha de Asfalto en Maíz (Zea mays L.) en los Municipios de Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, México; las poblaciones sobresalientes de maíz de la raza Zapalote Chico, en la Región Istmeña de Oaxaca; Se indica el índice de área foliar de cultivo de Chile Poblano mediante dos métodos en condiciones protegidas; Esquivel, Urzúa y Ramírez exploran el efecto de la biofertilización con Azospirillum en el crecimiento y producción de Jitomate; esbozan su artículo sobre la determinación del nivel de Heterosis en híbridos de Maíz para la Comarca Lagunera; una investigación sobre la estabilización de semilla de Solanum lycopersicum durante el almacenamiento y estimulación de la germinación; acotan sobre el CTAB como una nueva opción para la detección de Huanglongbing en cítricos, plantean su evaluación sobre el aluminio y cómo afecta la vida de florero de Heliconia psittacorum; indican sobre el impacto del H-564C, como un híbrido de maíz con alta calidad de proteina para el trópico húmedo de México; presetan su investigación sobre la producción de Piña Cayena Lisa y MD2 (Ananas comosus L.) en condiciones de Loma Bonita, en Oaxaca; acotan sobre el efecto de coberteras como control biológico por conservación contra áfidos en Nogal Pecanero; esbozan sobre la caracterización de cuatro genotipos de Frijol Negro en Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz, México; presentan una caracterización hidroecológica de la microcuenca de Arroyo Prieto, Yuriría, Gto., y alternativas para su restauración ambiental; presentan su investigación sobre el efecto del hongo Beauveria bassiana sobre solubilización de fosfatos y la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo; plantean su investigación sobre la Germinación y regeneración in vitro de Epidendrum falcatum LINDL; esbozan su artículo sobre genotipos de frijol negro y su tolerancia a sequía terminal en Veracruz, México

Contribución de la producción animal en pequeña escala al desarrollo rural

La producción y el consumo de productos de origen animal han experimentado un rápido crecimiento en todo el mundo, y se prevé que continuarán aumentando. Se considera que la mayor parte del incremento en la producción provendrá de sistemas de producción en pequeña escala, que representan el medio de vida de hasta un 70% de la población rural pobre del mundo.1 La producción animal en pequeña escala se reconoce en todo el mundo como un elemento que contribuye al alivio de la pobreza en el medio rural, mediante generación de ingresos, oportunidades de ocupación y dinamismo del uso de los recursos disponibles. Por lo tanto, es de suma importancia conocer las dinámicas de estos sistemas de producción animal y su contribución al desarrollo rural en México. Investigadores y extensionistas deben priorizar las demandas de la producción animal en las comunidades rurales, ya que la producción animal en pequeña escala ha contribuido a mejorar la calidad de vida y a disminuir la vulnerabilidad de las familias productoras. En el México prehispánico la población sólo criaba xoloitzcuintle y guajolotes como animales domésticos, y complementaba en proteínas su dieta con la caza y la pesca. Sin embargo, con la llegada de los españoles en 1521 llegaron también los primeros bovinos a la Nueva España, que se reprodujeron con suma rapidez. La carne de bovino llegó a constituir una parte sustancial de la dieta alimenticia de toda la población.2 A pesar de que al inicio la producción animal era casi nula, ésta empezó a desarrollarse rápidamente y en la actualidad representa un pilar importante para el desarrollo rural en las familias campesinas de nuestro país, pues es vista como una fuente de ingreso

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61.7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61.4-61.9) in 1980 to 71.8 years (71.5-72.2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11.3 years (3.7-17.4), to 62.6 years (56.5-70.2). Total deaths increased by 4.1% (2.6-5.6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55.8 million (54.9 million to 56.6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17.0% (15.8-18.1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14.1% (12.6-16.0) to 39.8 million (39.2 million to 40.5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13.1% (11.9-14.3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42.1%, 39.1-44.6), malaria (43.1%, 34.7-51.8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29.8%, 24.8-34.9), and maternal disorders (29.1%, 19.3-37.1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe